An advance directive is a legal document that says what medical treatment you want, and who speaks for you, if you become unable to decide. It spares your family guesswork in a crisis.
Two main parts
- A living will states your wishes about treatments such as life support, resuscitation, feeding tubes and pain relief.
- A healthcare power of attorney, or proxy, names the person who makes medical decisions for you when you cannot.
How to make one
- Think about your values and what treatment you would or would not want.
- Talk with the person you plan to name and with your doctor.
- Use your state's form or an attorney. Signing requirements vary, such as witnesses or a notary.
- Give copies to your agent, family and doctors, and keep one where it is easy to find.
- Review it after major life changes and update it if your wishes change.
Related documents
A POLST or similar medical order is different from a living will. It is signed by a clinician for people with serious illness and turns treatment preferences into medical orders. A do-not-resuscitate order applies to a specific setting and is also written by a clinician.
Why it matters
Without a directive, families may disagree, and state law decides who can make decisions for you. A clear document and a trusted agent make your wishes easier to follow.
Frequently asked questions
Do I need a lawyer?
Not always. Many states publish free forms, though a lawyer can help with complex situations.
Will my directive work in another state?
Many states honor out-of-state directives, but it is wise to update documents if you move.